What is autism?

I have heard that children who do not learn to speak around the same age as other children could have autism.  Is this true?

Autism is a lifelong disorder of the brain causing difficult communication and social interactions. There is no typical form of autism however repetitive and limited behaviors are common.

The disorder affects how the brain processes information. The areas of the brain fail to normally communicate with each other. Autism affects all walks of life but affects more boys than girls. Studies have shown that about 1 in 160 people have autism. There is no single known cause although genetics do play a role. Other suggested factors include pre- and post-natal development, environmental factors and problems with the immune system. You cannot catch autism from someone else and is not caused by parenting style. Some people say that childhood immunizations like mumps/measles are linked to autism. Studies have shown this is not true.

People with autism can show a wide range of behaviors. The disability can range from mild to severe. If your child has autism, signs will show before three years of age. The signs often develop gradually. Your child may not begin to speak by three years, or may lose the ability to speak. Some common symptoms of autism include:

• Appears deaf (hearing tests are normal).
• Repeated exaggerated behaviours, interests, and play such as rocking, outbursts with changes to routines, and abnormal attachment to objects.
• Avoiding eye contact with other people and may prefer to play alone.
• Intelligence can range from below average to above average.
• Difficulty understanding the feelings of others, such as pain or sadness.

There is no cure for autism. People with autism will always have some symptoms however they can be decreased with early diagnosis and treatment. If you think your child has autism it is important to talk to your doctor. With treatment, most children learn to communicate better. Some of the treatments include behavioural therapy that helps develops social skills and good behaviours. Other treatments include speech therapy, physiotherapy, and medications. Treatment is based on the symptoms your child has. It is important to talk to your doctor, family, friends, public agencies, and autism organizations to ensure all your family learn about autism and how to decrease family stress.

For more information about autism, or for available programs and services, contact Health Link Alberta where nurses are available 24-7 to provide health advice and information. Call 1-866-408-LINK (5465) or 780-408-LINK (Edmonton area) or 403-943-LINK (Calgary area).